Tuesday, 7 April 2015

Sri Lanka perspectives - March 2015

Col R Hariharan

Prime Minister Modi visits Sri Lanka

Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a successful visit Sri Lanka from March 13 to 18, 2015 on the last leg of his visit to three Indian Ocean island nations. During the Sri Lanka visit he addressed Sri Lanka parliament, visited Kandy, flagged off the Mannar-Madhu section of the railway constructed by India, and Jaffna to handover 23,000 houses built with Indian aid for internally displaced persons and addressed the parliament and business leaders in Colombo.

He also met with President Maithripala Sirisena opposition leaders including the leaders of Tamil National Alliance (TNA), Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) and briefly met with Former President Mahinda Rajapaksa. He counselled the TNA to rework its political strategy in keeping with the changed environment after the presidential election. He also met with Northern Provincial Council Chief Minister CV Wigneswaran and war widows rendered destitute.

Modi’s objective of Sri Lanka visit was to strengthen mutual ties which he described as resting “on strong pillars of our shared inheritance; of shared values and vision; of mutual support and solidarity; of friendly exchanges and productive cooperation; and above all belief in each and our shared destiny.” In keeping with this objective, he announced a number of initiatives. These include visa on arrival for Sri Lanka tourists, extension of a fresh Line of Credit up to $ 31o million for procuring rolling stock and upgrading railway track, construction of Tagore auditorium in Matara, entering into a currency swap agreement for $1.5 billion to keep Sri Lankan rupee stable.

Except for passing reference he did not emphasise problematic issues like implementation of 13th Amendment; on the fishermen issue he stressed its humanitarian and livelihood aspects and hoped the meeting of fishermen from both sides would yield results. Overall, Modi appeared to have put the New Delhi-Colombo relationship on better footing than ever before. 

President Sirisena’s visit to China

China had attached importance to President Sirisena’s first visit to China after becoming president. His government is carrying out a review of Chinese-promoted mega projects for corruption and procedural lapses in their finalisation suspected to have benefitted the Rajapaksa family. Sri Lanka prime minister had also accused Former President Rajapaksa of partiality towards China to the detriment of Sri Lanka's cordial relations with India. Chinese interest has been further kindled because Sirisena was visiting China from March 25 to 28, just a week after Modi’s visit to Sri Lanka where India-Sri Lanka strategic issues were probably discussed.

President Sirisena met with President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress Zhang Dejiang.

According to official Sri Lanka news site, the two presidents exchanged views on a broad range of issues of mutual interest covering bilateral political relations and economic cooperation including, development cooperation, trade, investment and tourism and cultural cooperation and people-to-people contacts in their bilateral talks on March 26. Sri Lanka President said he shared the interest of China in the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road for greater economic cooperation.

President Sirisena agreed to work towards the successful conclusion of the proposed China-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (FTA) while recognising the asymmetries between the two economies, towards achieving a more balanced and sustainable bilateral trade and economic cooperation. President Sirisena also participated in the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2015 on March 28 and addressed the conference.

However, Sri Lanka media reported that Sirisena also informed the Chinese President that the suspension of Colombo Port City project was only 'temporarily' and that it would be 'sorted out' soon. He also clarified that the fault lay with the previous Sri Lankan regime which had adopted corrupt practices to grant it approval and not the Chinese. To date this issue does not seem to have been resolved; we can expect the government to continue with the review till the Rajapaksa family connection to corrupt deals are unravelled.

Implementation of 100-day agenda 

President Sirisena- Prime Minister Wickremesinghe duo has taken the following actions to strengthen the national unity government and enact crucial legislations to implement the 100-day agenda: 
·        SLFP becomes stakeholder in government: President Sirisena who is also the chairman of the SLFP main opposition party in parliament, persuaded the Party to join the national unity government by offering 25 cabinet berths. Though it resulted in number of ministers going up from 46 to 79, it has enabled the government to push through important legislations for carrying out structural reforms of executive presidency, electoral system and greater accountability of government.
·        19th Amendment (19A) to the Constitution: Salient points of 19A tabled by the ruling national unity alliance in parliament on March 25 include doing away with the designation of the President as “Head of Government”, retaining the Prime Minister as head of the cabinet and making the President to act on the advice of the Prime Minister. Future Presidents will not be entitled to ministerial portfolios. However, they will retain the right to summon meetings of the Cabinet of Ministers “for the purpose of discussing any matter of national importance, and shall preside at such meetings”.  
·        Changes in electoral system: The draft enactment proposed by the Election Commissioner for reforming the present system envisages the increase in parliament strength from 225 to 250 members and modification of the system to directly elect 140 members, 80 members by proportional representation and 30 seats to be filled from the national list. The final enactment will be finalised once major parties accept the proposal.

Return of Rajapaksa

After holding rallies in Nugegoda and Kandy, Former President Rajapaksa’s supporters organised a well-attended rally at Ratnapura on March 26 to demand the return of Former President Rajapaksa to power for “saving the country”. As many as 28 SLFP MPs participated in the rally. In a message to the rally, the former president said "We were defeated because international spy services and conspirators were in the forefront," a theme he had stressed in his recent interview with The Hindu.

Ratnapura district is a Rajapaksa-stronghold where he won all the electorates in the presidential election. Rajapaksa’s prominent supporters include  the National Freedom Front leader Wimal Weerawamsa, Western Provincial Council Chief Minister Prasanna Ranatunga, leader of the Democratic Left Front Vasudeva Nanayakkara, and leader of the Pivithuru Hela Urumaya Udaya Gammanpila. 

As the SLFP has officially joined the government, the Party may not officially support the demand for nominating Rajapaksa in the April general election. If it happens, the SLFP is in real danger of breaking up which could politically weaken Sirisena.


Written on March 31, 2015
Courtesy: South Asia Security Trends, March 2015 issue; www.security-risks.com                   


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