Hambantota To
Bolster China’s Presence in Indian Ocean, Allow Entry to Indian Market
Colonel R Hariharan |Times of India| Chennai | 13 December 2017
China gaining operational of the
port marks yet another strategic milestone in furthering President Xi Jinping’s
ambitious 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. The Chinese control of port infrastructure
assets already acquired in Gwadar in Pakistan and Djibouti (Horn of Africa) has
strengthened its position in the Indian Ocean.
India’s inability to respond in time
to arrest China’s growing power in Sri Lanka, particularly after President
Mahinda Rajapaksa’s ascent, is the flip side of the tale. During the Eelam war,
India could not meet Sri Lanka’s request for supply of arms due to strong
opposition from Tamil Nadu, and China stepped into meet the demands.
Hambantota is not the only
strategically important infrastructure projects to be completed with Chinese
aid. Other projects include the Colombo carrier terminal expansion and the
Colombo reclamation project overlooking Colombo port, a vital hub of India’s
shipping.
In 2006, I availed an invitation to
meet Rajapaksa on issues affecting Sri Lanka.
When I had asked him why he offered the Hambantota project to China
instead of India, he laughed and said that he had invited India first. When
India didn’t respond for nearly a year, he approached China. I learnt later
that India did not respond as the project was not economically viable.
India’s economic assessment has
proved correct as both the Hambantota port and the Mattala airport are losing
money. But strategically, India’s decision had proved costly. China took risk
of making huge investments in economically unviable projects, to ensnare Sri
Lanka into US$8 billion debt trap and leverage it to draw the island nation
within its strategic orbit. China has shown that taking economic risks for
gaining strategic advantage is what grand strategy is all about. After
Hambantota proved a burden on Sri Lanka economy, China is enacting as the
saviour by agreeing to the debt-equity swap on Hambantota project, while
gaining control of it.
In July 2017, Sri Lanka signed an
agreement with the state-owned China Merchants Ports Holdings Company (CMPort)
which agreed to pay $1.12 billion for 85 percent share of Hambantota port for
99 years. After a hue and cry was raised at home over the unfavourable terms of
the agreement, Sri Lanka renegotiated it, under which the CMPort (85 percent)
and Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA) (15 percent) became partners in the
Hambantota International Port Group (HIPG) to develop the port to make it a
commercially viable asset.
India had been watching with concern
China’s control of Hambantota port as it legitimizes its strategic presence within
India’s sphere of influence in the Indian Ocean. President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime
Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe after coming to power had tried to balance the
relations with India, which were skewed in favour of China, under President
Mahinda Rajapaksa. In response to India’s strategic concerns, they had assured
that Hambantota port would not be permitted to be used as a military base.
Hambantota International Port
Services Ltd. (HIPS), owned by HIPG (58 percent) and SLPA (42 percent) is,
however, taking over common user facilities in Hambantota port including port
security. This would indicate the near impossibility of excluding the Chinese
from port security activities. But can a small country like Sri Lanka do much,
if China rides roughshod over its objections to gain military advantage in
times of Sino-Indian military confrontation?
China is now gaining not only a
military advantage but also a commercial edge in South Asia. When China-Sri
Lanka free trade agreement (FTA) comes
through, Chinese business is capable of using India’s FTA with Sri Lanka to
gain backdoor entry into Indian markets. China has sprung a surprise by signing
an FTA with Maldives, a country till now dependent on India for almost everything.
When China’s FTA with Sri Lanka and Maldives fully bloom, Chinese goods
flooding South Indian markets is a real possibility. Time India took a hard
look at its military and commercial strategies as the Chinese behemoth is
breathing down its neck.
The writer
served as the head of intelligence with the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
in Sri Lanka
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